Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes, PHILADELPHIA, PA - APRIL 30: Protestors march over the death of Freddie Gray on April 30, 2015 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Long-time residents resented the intrusion on their tight-knit ethnic communities. Three weeks after the encampment was dismantled came the disruption of Penns freshman convocation, bringing even more Penn students into the movement. Ultimately, this partnership succeeded in defeating the proposed expressway. Where is gentrification happening the most? ofGreaterPhiladelphia. Those newcomers remade Queen Villages physical landscape. He described how he was able to find his way as a young immigrant from Jamaica decades ago thanks to the ease of access, and painted a picture of the organic security. Townhomes residents have been able to provide for the communitys children. Her father, David Comberg, teaches in the School of Design at Penn, but the family initially moved to the area for his job at UArts. The name University City is the result of a University of Pennsylvania-supported marketing campaign. Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Housing and Community Affairs Collections, Urban Archives, Philadelphia City Planning Commission and Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority papers, Follow The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Instagram, Like The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia on Facebook, Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back, Without Pa. help, Philly gentrification relief could have unintended results (WHYY, April 15, 2013), Gentrification property tax relief- for whom? The black population in West Philly has decreased by 29% from 2000 to 2012. By 1960, the surrounding suburbs were more populous than Philadelphia itself. Housing activists and residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia. Southwarks fortunes had begun to fade after World War II. At mid-century, the area remained a bastion of Black life, teeming with blues and jazz clubs, barrooms, and Black-owned businesses. Eastwick is, as he says, super residential, replete with rowhomes and momandpop shops. (Author information current at time of publication.). Developers met the demand, refashioning old factories into spacious lofts. This move brought with it an influx of capital and incentives for real-estate developers to create housing for well-endowed students. It also goes by another namethe Master Plan. Spring Gardenwith its attractive housing stock and proximity to Center Citybegan to experience gentrification by the mid-1970s. The University City Townhomes has provided affordable housing for nearly 40 years. He also confirmed Penns involvement in a new mixeduse development in the 4600 block of Pine Street. . National food writers raved about South Streets burgeoning selection of gourmet restaurants, where diners could enjoy soft-shell crab tempura or salmon with sorrel beurre blanc. Using those criteria, Nicetown has taken steps forward in the last five years. At the same time, other historical features were sacrificed in the name of development. Even though it was not subject to the physical destruction seen in Society Hill, this neighborhood experienced a similar degree of social disruption. The Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia, under President Paul Steinke, often crosses paths with Penn and Drexel. Philadelphia Housing Action, for its part, has worked to decommodify housing by experimenting with collective ownership, Johnson said in an interview on the Millennials Are Killing Capitalism podcast, attempting to remove properties from the unrelenting throes of the housing market. He mentions the Pennovation Center, housed in an old DuPontowned paint factory. There is also gentrification in other parts of West Philadelphia. And while that goal might have seemed outlandish to many in the winter of 2021, it seems quite possible now. Urban Renewal & Gentrification Marker. In particular, the western stretch of this arearebranded as Graduate Hospitalsaw a dramatic influx of young, white, well-off residents, drawn by its proximity to tony Rittenhouse Square and easy accessibility to the University of Pennsylvania. Hundreds of crumbling row houses were renovatedfirst by urban homesteaders, then by enterprising developers. Simon, Roger D. and Brian Alnutt, Philadelphia, 1982-2007: Toward the Postindustrial City. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131 (Oct. 2007), 395-444. The first area to undergo this ambitious makeover was the Society Hill neighborhood in southeast Center City. By 1980, the University of Pennsylvania was the citys largest private employer. West Philly gentrification means upheaval for these longtime residents. The rapid influx of wealthier homebuyers triggered alarming demographic changes. Yet by the turn of the twenty-first century, things were changing rapidly in DuBois Seventh Ward. The five decades following the move to West Philadelphia were marked by continuous disenfranchisement and health epidemics including the AIDS crisis and "War on Drugs." Urban renewal and gentrification were strategies that promised to uplift communities but actually further displaced . She admits that initially she and most other residents were not involved. The land finally came under redevelopment after the Toll Brothers purchased the land in 2013 to construct condominiums. Philadelphia, like other Rust Belt cities, slowly started its transition from an industrial city to a postindustrial city. Many of these working-class immigrants were employed in restaurant and domestic servicesa sector that grew along with Philadelphias affluent urban class. Leon Tyer has lived at Penn Wynn House in the Wynnefield neighborhood of West Philadelphia for six years with the help of a federal voucher program that helps low-income people living with HIV/AIDS pay rent. For example, when the university partnered with the school district to fund Penn Alexander Elementary in 2001, 57% of the students in its catchment area were African American; as of 2021, Black students represented less than 17% of the student body. Rasheda Alexander, a resident council member at the development, remembers seeing a few organizers tabling near the parking lot on weekends in the winter. During the 1980s, demand for these apartments exploded, and developers scrambled to meet it. Constructed at Third and New Streets in 1902, in the 1920s Wilbur & Sons had to remove a section of the building to make room for construction of the Delaware River Bridge (later renamed the Benjamin Franklin Bridge). Gentrification doesn't erase drug crime and gun violence. As the nearby blocks of Queen Village saw large investments from city organizations to restore houses and raise property values, Southwark Plaza apartment buildings had broken elevators, limited electricity, and a trash-filled landscape. Colonial row houses, they believed, were a stark contrast to the stultifying sameness of the suburbs. On Sept. 29, just minutes into freshman convocation, Liz Magills first major speech as University of Pennsylvania president was disrupted by about 100 protesters. I live near 40th Lancaster Avenue. Restaurants, shops, barstheyve all widened the Penn bubble. We had a lot of senior citizens and a lot of people with disabilities who just dont have anybody to advocate for them, said Alexander. Penn has just recently begun to acknowledge the history of urban upheaval its caused. New buildings could reflect modern architectural styles and the owner's tastes, as long as the designs were approved by the Philadelphia Redevelopment Authority. In the late 1970s, dozens of chic businesses catering to the upper middle class opened. That's typical for a gentrifying city. The social boundaries that were most clear to us were evident in the areas past 48th, as prior to this crossroad the district was conspicuously opulent. Manayunk, a working-class mill district along the Schuylkill River to the northwest of Center City, was one such area. From 1970 to 1990, Philadelphia lost over 18 percent of its remaining residents, its population falling to nearly a half a million people below its postwar peak. There has been a huge uptick in gentrification since 2000. The owner intends to sell the property. One afternoon in 2017, a friend sent me a picture of New Light Beulah Baptist Church being demolished. There were also cultural conflicts between old-timers and newcomers. While Temples administration tried to encourage better relations between students and residents, it did little to discourage the spread of private development around its campus. There have been spectacular moments, but also low points: While Johnson says he always believed it could be done, he acknowledged that in the beginning of July, it didnt seem like people were going to pay attention, but thats why there was the encampment.. This was a rare type of coalition: cross-class and multiracial, gentrifiers allied with the existing population to reject the destruction of modernist city planning. The overlay district sits in a West Philadelphia neighborhood that has been subject to gentrification. Follow Backgrounders on Twitter Revitalization efforts across the city included redeveloping older factories for new purposes. West Philadelphia's population shifted from majority-white to majority-black between 1950 and 1960. Housing activists and UC Townhomes residents fight gentrification in West Philadelphia Housing activists, university students, and residents have staged protests and encampments to defend low-income housing in UC Townhomes by Jared Ware October 7th, 2022 The disruptions of convocation and the BIA meeting and Bishop Barbers gathering all led to a response from a university representative deflecting and downplaying Penns involvement in the sale. Theres a magic in that. And no one can question the rapidity with which its occurring. There is a stereotype that gentrification refers to low-income African Americans being pushed out by rich whites, but this is not the case in many of the areas in Philly where gentrification is occurring. Further from the booming downtown, neighborhoods continued to suffer from abandonment and decay. The community is worth fighting for. Davids added. The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Gentrification & Moving People Concluding Remarks References Philadelphia continues to have some of the highest rates of poverty in the United States. To assist working-class residents near Southwark who could not afford the increased costs of living in the newly gentrified neighborhood, the Philadelphia Housing Authority in the late 1960s built three apartment buildings, named the Southwark Plaza, along Washington Avenue between Third and Fifth Streets. About 75 people took part in the event, held four days before a critical vote at a Zoning Board of Adjustments hearing. Penns expansion originally centered on Locust Walk. By the end of the millennium, the transformation of Queen Village was complete; the languishing ethnic enclave had been entirely remade into a middle-class haven. Especially since, as Ella puts it, theres a kind of feedback loop of gentrifiers complain[ing] about gentrification without acknowledging that they're complicit., When asked what Penn owes to the communities it inhabits, Phil talks for a while before pausing to take a deep breath: It just owes them their space.. But in reality theyre just untrained, typically nonchalant kids.. He envisioned a redevelopment of the citys waterfronts, a midway closed to automobiles on Chestnut Street, and a tram that would take visitors over the Schuylkill River into Fairmount Park, site of the successful 1876 Centennial. Affluent homesteaders also continued to rehabilitate row houses in neighborhoods closer to the urban core. Its now down to 42,000. Dennis witnessed one of the earliest unveilings of Penns Landscape Development Plan of 1977. May 10, 2017. According to his attorney, Gray died a week later in the hospital from a severe spinal cord injury he received while in police custody. Developed alongside people on the frontlines of injustice, Prism will help deepen your understanding on the most pressing issues of our time. Many of the industrial complexes that dotted Philadelphia emptied in the later twentieth century, leaving hulks of buildings towering over the residences that once housed their workers. By the early 2000s, it boasted scores of infill projects and row-house rehabilitations. This house on the corner of Second and Lombard Streets used building materials typically used in adjacent row houses, such as brick and concrete, but applied a modernist design to give the building its distinctive look. These arrivistes chose to live inand work to renewa historic and diverse part of the city. Society Hill Towers claimed five acres of that area; the rest of the space, seen in this 1965 aerial image, was filled with other commercial buildings and landscaped parks by 1977. From the Feds press release: the losses were especially acute in University City. Ira, explains it as, West Philadelphia experiences [loss of affordable housing] to a much greater extent because home values appreciate so much faster than income.. In the ensuing decades, Society Hill became a touchstone for supporters and detractors of gentrification. The Philadelphia Housing Authoritys waiting list peaked in 2014 at around 78,000. The month-long encampment in the Townhomes courtyard by residents and supporters was one of the watershed moments in the fight. Connecting the Past with the Present, Building Community, Creating a Legacy. Its exhausting work. But for many students residing in the Penn Bubble, community issues take a backseat. All of the new housing developments are "student housing" for students attending the University . However, gentrification and racialized displacement have intensified in recent years as Penn has continued targeted investments. Sign up for Prisms newsletter to get first access to news and analysis that makes you thinkand act. Is Philadelphia a gentrification? Restoring the citys historic housing stock, Bacon reasoned, would encourage upper-income residents to move back to the citythereby stabilizing its dwindling tax base and upgrading real estate values. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Callowhill, a former manufacturing district just north of Chinatown and east of Spring Garden, blossomed into the citys loft district. Members of the creative classgraphic designers, software developers, theatre performerswere drawn by its affordability, its edgy post-industrial aesthetic, and its location close to Center City. Anderson, Elijah. The gentrification of drug blocks specifically, as opposed to all gentrifying blocks in Philadelphia, accounted for roughly 2,400 additional shootings during the 10 years of his study. New groups and institutions inundate an area and push out those who lived there before. Neighborhood shoppers were not drawn to the modern building design and its variety of restaurants and specialty shops. A neighborhood group in Philadelphia is asking opponents of a proposed apartment building to mail in poop samples as part of a study on how gentrification impacts cancer rates. Penns status as the largest employer in Philadelphia, its large endowment and the socioeconomic position of its students and staff complicates its existence in West Philadelphia. Business owners opened smaller boutiques, restaurants, and bars that catered to youthful adults who preferred to live within walking distance of dining and other diversions. In West Philadelphia, the University of Pennsylvania worked with the citys Redevelopment Authority, starting in the 1950s, on a massive program of urban renewal that cleared the way for its expansion. Like many Philadelphia neighborhoods that experienced a middle-class influx, rising rents and tax assessments made life increasingly difficult for poorer residents. The plot of land used to house the Transition to Independent Living Center, which formerly provided affordable assisted living for aging adults with belowaverage incomes, before it burned down six years ago and has since laid vacant. Residents say Magill has ducked meeting requests for months. Universities also continued to play an outsized role in the transformation of their surrounding neighborhoods. This was the childhood church of Marian Anderson, a world-famous Black singer from South Philadelphia. In the 2010s, Philadelphia began experimenting with measures designed to stem gentrifications worst effects. Queen Villages heyday of diversity and cooperation proved to be short-lived, however. To direct the neighborhoods ground-level renewal, Greater Philadelphia in turn spawned another interest group, the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation (OPDC), to coordinate the actions of bankers, finance capital, and homeowners. Business owners constructed warehouses along Dock Creek in the late 1600s so ships could unload food, materials, and other products efficiently. In 1970, the neighborhood was nearly 50 percent Black. The area where the UC Townhomes sit used to be known as Black Bottom, a neighborhood of largely working class and working poor African American residents, who were displaced through eminent domain to create UCSC and University City High School, as John L. Puckett, professor emeritus of education at the University of Pennsylvania, writes. Cedar Park is one of the hottest areas in the city, and housing values are spiking dramatically. After a city-funded refurbishment effort, its Main Street began to draw young artists and boutique owners in search of a quaint, pedestrian-oriented corridor. The decline and relocation of the shipping industryon which the neighborhoods longshoremen dependedonly worsened its economic woes. The Dock Street market diminished in size after World War II as competition from other markets and changes in distribution forced some merchants to move elsewhere. Studies have linked gentrification to a number of health problems for longterm neighborhood residents. Some residents burned trash inside their apartments for heat, or left it inside broken elevator shafts or outside the apartment buildings. East Mount Airy is a neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with a population of 21,236. The Philadelphia City Council, however, failed to pass a similar measure. As middle-class residents returned, formerly moribund commercial corridors came alive with restaurants and shops catering to the well-heeled. This "process" is very dangerous as it has a notorious reputation of displacing old residents and creating terrible living situations for those it has not displaced. Pictured here years before his appointment as Executive Director of the Philadelphia Housing Association, Edmund Bacon is sometimes referred to as The Father of Modern Philadelphia. Born in the Philadelphia suburbs in 1910, he studied architecture at Cornell University and introduced a plan for a new civic center for Philadelphia as part of his senior thesis. She recalls that the value of her parents house appreciated 400% in the time they lived in Philly. The late 1970s saw the arrival of thousands of Southeast Asians; in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, they were joined by waves of Indians, Koreans, Chinese, and Mexicans. The students have been moved into a new building at 4901 Chestnut. Penn encourages students and faculty to explore off campus. After those initial displacements, the UC Townhomes were built on real estate that at the time was not desirable to middle and upper-class white residents. This image from 1914 shows the Fish Market building, an enclosed warehouse that sold fresh fish from dozens of merchants. Throughout the post-World War II period, Philadelphia struggled valiantly to entice the middle class back from the suburbs. In rapidly changing neighborhoods like Old City, minority residents often suffered the brunt of such measures. In a plan for a safer, vibrant 52nd Street, worried West Philly neighbors see gentrification looming Angst is roiling minority neighborhoods as they struggle to balance the opportunities and the threats created by gentrification. In recent years, a number of Philadelphia neighborhoods have undergone significant transformation, with higher-income residents moving in, real estate prices rising, new businesses . Philadelphia did not become the international stage as Bacon had hoped. The worlds fair idea was scrapped and on the national level, individual celebrations across the country were encouraged. Datz mentioned the newlyopened Pennovation Center, which opened last year across the river in Grays Ferry. Philadelphia: Neighborhoods, Division, and Conflict in a Postindustrial City. The protesters, including students, chanted Save UC Townhomes and stop Penn-trification. After sitting briefly, Magill attempted to continue, making the disrespectful suggestion to the protesters, among whom were local residents facing eviction, that Democracy cannot work unless people can live together, learn from one another and, paradoxically, disagree. Amid continuous chants, Magill was unable to finish her remarks. Gentrification Takes Off: 1990s and 2000s. As in Society Hill and Queen Village, the gentrification of Graduate Hospital triggered striking demographic changes. By spurring renovation and elevating housing values, gentrification broadened the citys tax base. For the most part, Penn is now a good steward of the neighborhoods it inhabits, he explains. The Netter Center offers ABCS (Academically Based Community Service) courses in which students can interact with the surrounding community. And gentrification is only now beginning to take root north of Girard Avenue, in some of the most heavily disinvested and pockmarked North Philadelphia neighborhoods (Sharswood, Brewerytown, Strawberry Mansion, Fairhill.). Solutions are proposed including providing. Tax inducements helped make the renovation of older buildings economically feasible. 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